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From 1848-1898, John William Spencer led or participated in many efforts to develop the Presidio area. He, along with Benjamin Leaton, and John Burgess, completed a land survey, and obtained a patent for the establishment of an organized community on the U.S. side of the Rio Grande known as the City of Presidio. He was the first to establish a sustainable economy based on ranching and farming that supported Presidio, the City of Ojinaga in Mexico, Presidio County, and the military at Fort Stockton and Fort Davis.